Gugalishious-+creatceous+time+period

Abiotic

In the c retaceous period, the continents were //almost// in their positions that they are in today. A bridge has formed between North and South America. India crashes into Asia, forming the tallest mountains. the Himalayas. Australia separates from Antarctica and moves north. Africa meets up with Europe creating the Alps and the Pyrenees. Continents move to their positions as South America splits from Africa. Besides the fact that the continents are drifting and splitting, the weather is a cause. Temperatures are first warm, then cool, and then warm (again), that’s why glaciers cover most of the plane t. Away from the coasts, the land is getting drier.

Biotic

As time passes, in the c retaceous period, different landforms form. Widespread volcanic eruptions occur, creating different lands. Lands as in grasslands, tundra’ s, and even deserts appear in this era. Life on earth, from this era, starts dominating, evolving, and even appearing ! Lets start with the sky. The sky…what do you normally see? You see white clouds, small chirping birds, airplanes, etc. Well, in the c retaceous period, you’d see dinosaurs. Feathered ones that fought for places up there. Maybe not fought… but they did compete. Marine life also forms. In great- or small -bodies of water, reptiles swam with fishes and marine invertebrates. On land, the very first flowering plants appear! Plants like leafy trees, shrubs, and flowers. Flowers, back then, did NOT look like the ones we have now. Flowers like magnolia and p alms. Seed ferns, cycads, and conifers continued to evolve in forests. Sure, in eras before the c retaceous, conifers had appeared, but they continued evolving up to the c retaceous and beyond... Unlike conifers, flowering plants produced seeds inside a fruit. The fruit helped the seed survive. Plants, reptiles, and other creatures weren’t the only ones evolving.

Mamm als were too, such as marsupials, insectivores, and rodent-like animals. Early deer, antelopes, pronghorns, gazelles, and horses are evolving. Large hunting animals such as the saber-toothed cat and raptors take advantage of the new populations. The first elephant-like animals appear. Early dogs, cats, pigs, giraffes, weasels, and bats are on land. Amphibians, lizards, crocodilians, and snakes continue to increase. Ants, butterflies, aphids, grasshoppers, gall wasps, termites, and other insects are flourish ing! You know what? Dinosaurs were dominating, but guess what t-rexes were? Huh? They were being the rulers/ kings of the c retaceous period! Yeah!

The greatest extinction happened at the very end of the c retaceous period! Meteorites crashed into earth, some were the size of the Grand Canyon! The fire killed many animals we do not see today, the air itself was terrible to breathe, and many animals died because of that too. A few herbivores managed to survive and their descendants are still around.